Gate.io Research: Cosmos - New Phase and New Era

KeyPoints

●TheCosmosTeamisstablenowafteralongtimeofturmoil.OriginalfounderJaeKwon,founderofTendermint,hasagainbecometheleader.●CosmosHub,theinformationcenteroftheCosmospublicchain,willtakeonamoresignificantroleafterATOM2.0,targetingsecuritybetweenchains,liquiditystakinginfrastructure,andMEVredistribution.●ThetechnicalcharacteristicofCosmosofeasydeploymentandqualityIBCcross-chainprotocolmakesapplicationscoexistnicelywitheachother,withoutresourcecompetition.●TheCosmosecosystemreliesonlowdevelopmentcostsandeaseofdeployment.However,thegapwithEthereum,BNB,andothertopecosystemsisstillevident.ItisclearthattheOneChianecosystemstilldominatesthemarket.●Cosmosecosystemsufferedduringthe2022TerraLUNAcollapseoveritsvalue,butitsecosystemisnotlargelyaffected,therearestillqualityapplicationsrunning.

1.Intro

Cosmos,themultichainnetwork,isoneofthehottopicsinthecryptonewsin2022.Thisuniquenetworkisofficiallydescribedas"anever-expandingecosystemofinterconnectedappsandservices".CosmoshasbeenprovidingarobustblockchainserviceformanyDAppssinceitsinception.ButwillCosmosbecomethecradleofDAppsandeventhe"Ethereumkiller"?Wehopeouranalysiswillofferyousomeinsightintothisinterestingnetwork.Ithasbeen6yearssincethelaunchoftheCosmosmainnet.Cosmoshubwasbuiltduringthelast6yearsfromscratch.2022sofarisamixedyearforCosmos.ThecollapseofTerraisdefinitelyaheavyblowtotheecosystem.ButwiththeannouncementofCosmoshub2.0,theCosmosecosystemhasofficiallyendeditsfirststage-Initiation,andentereditssecondstage-Integration.Attheturningpointoftheproject,wewouldliketorevisitthehistoryoftheprojectandhopetogainsomeinsights.

1.1.TeamHistory

Agoodteamalwayshasagreatleader,justlikeEthereumhasVitalikandBinancehasCZ.JaeKwonisthecaptainofCosmos.JaeKwonandEthanBuchmanfoundedTendermint.AndtheCosmoswhitepapercameintobeingtwoyearslater.Thecosmosprojectraised17millionUSDin2012throughICOwiththeassistanceofTheInterchainFoundationfromSwitzerland.However,threeyearslater,theCosmosteamhadafallout.JaeKownlefttheTendermintteamandfocusedonprojects,VirgoandGno.land.FormerCDO,PengZhong,tookthespotofCEOofTendermint,andtheboardmemberofTendermintincreasedtofive.Surprisingly,Tendermintseparatedintotwoentitiesinthemiddleof2022,IgniteInc.andNewTendermintInc.JaeKwon,founderorformerCEOoftheoriginalTendermint,willbetheCEOofNewTendermint.NewTendermintwillbefocusingonthecoretechnologyofCosmosandKwon’sotherprojects,Gno.Land,Tendermint,andCosmosSDK.PengZhongwillbetheCEOofIgniteInc.IgniteCLIandEmeriswillbetheirflagshipproducts.

1.2.Tokenocomics

KBW置評SilverGate：SilverGate的資產負債表完全就是現金和證券:金色財經報道，KBW在投資者通報中置評區塊鏈公司SilverGate稱，SilverGate的資產負債表完全就是現金和證券。[2023/1/6 10:24:41]

ATOMistheonlytokenissuedbyCosmosovertheCosmoshub,however,ATOMdoesnotcapturethevalueoftheCosmoschainverywell.ThatisthereasonwhyCosmosisaprojectthatisvaluedforitslong-termecosystemgrowthbutthepriceofATOMisactingweak.Let’sreviewthetokencomicsoftheoriginalATOMtoken.

1.2.1.ATOM1.0

ThemainfunctionsofATOM1.0token:1.ParticipatinginPoSthroughstaking2.ATOMholderscanhelpwithCosmoshubgovernanceandreserveforputtingproposals3.Systemreward4.TradingfeesforCosmoshubtransactionvalidators.ApointworthnotingisthatyoucanpayfeesinothertokensandthisisoneofthereasonswhyATOMcannotcapturethevalueofthechainwell.ItisclearthatATOM,initsoriginalform,cannotcapturethevalueoftheCosmoschainverywell.ThevalueofATOM1.0mostlyreliesontheCosmosHubratherthantheentirenetwork.AndthedatatransferredonCosmosHubonlycountsforaverysmallportionoftheentirenetwork,whichdepreciatesthevalueofATOM.AccordingtothedataofMapofZones:Untilthetimeofwriting,30days(2022/11/08to2022/12/08)totalIBCtransfersis7,129,600:445,890timesofCosmosHub,ranked4ofallCosmoszones;turntoIBCvolumepart,30daystotalIBCvolumeis$2.72B,CosmosHubstillranks4andtransfer$318.75M,whichis17.52%ofthetotal.

1.2.2.ATOM2.0

OnSept.27,2022,SamHart,whowasresponsibleforCosmosstrategybefore,publishedanarticlenamed“ATOM2.0:AnewvisionforCosmosHub”inthecommunitywiththenewwhitepaperforCosmosHub.Althoughtheproposaldidnotpassthecommunityvote,theintentionforchangeforCosmosHunandATOMisclear.TherearefourkeywordsonATOM2.0:1.InterchainScheduler2.InterchainAllocatorTheinterchainschedulerandinterchainallocatoraretwopartsofthenewCosmosMEVmarket.Itallowsuserstocompeteinthepriceofonchainspace.3.LiquidStakingOriginalliquidityproviderswillhavethechancetoearnthroughstakingandotheropportunities.Cosmoswillprovideliquidity-stakinginfrastructureinthefuture,4.InterchainSecurityThezonewillbeabletorentvalidatorsfromCosmosHubtoprovideinterchainsecurity.CosmosHubalsomadechangesinATOMtokenreleasemechanismtocounterhighinflation.Thecomingtenreleaseswillbevotedbytokenholdersandthisshouldbeabletomanagetheconcernsoftokenholders.Ingeneral,thenewwhitepaperwillredistributetheMEVandguidesomeoftheincomestotheCosmosofficialvault,whichwouldallowtheteamtogainfromthenetworkdevelopment.CosmosHubwilltakeonabiggerroleinfinanceandtechnology,toallowATOMtocapturethenetworkvaluebetter.Finally,ATOM’sinflationproblemwillbeaddressedbygovernancevotingandabetterATOMwithhigherliquidityandbettervaluecaptureiscominginthenearfuture.

Gate.io行情：TRX 24小時漲幅達47.38%:據Gate.io芝麻開門行情顯示，截至今日11：20，TRX 24H最高漲幅47.38%，當前漲幅28.57%，24H最高報價0.09763美元，當前報價0.08733美元，24H現貨交易量達2912.92萬美元。近期行情波動較大，請注意控制風險。[2021/4/1 19:36:00]

2.TechnicalCharacteristics

Cosmosisadecentralizednetworkwithindependentparallelblockchains.EveryblockchainisconstructedwiththeBFTconsensusmechanism,thesamewithTendermint.Unlikemostpublicchainsonthemarketthatuseasinglechainstructure,applicationsonCosmosarealldeployedondifferentblockchains,allofwhichcommunicatewiththemainCosmossystemthroughcross-chaincommunicationtechnology.TheCosmosnetworkhasbeenthroughmultipleinteractionsandthefollowingdiscussionisbasedonCosmosHubv1.2.BlockchainTrilemmaisawell-knownissueintheblockchaindevelopmentcommunity.Everydeveloperwillhavetofacethetradeoffsbetweendecentralization,scalability,andsecurity.Cosmos’ssolutionisamultichainstructureframework.ThisstructureandunderlyingtechnologyoftheTendermintconsensusmechanism,CosmosSDK,andIBCinterchainprotocolmadeCosmosaflexibleandefficientnetwork.

2.1.ZoneandHub

Cosmosnetworkconsistsofmultiplechainsandthemanagementandcommunicationofdifferentchainsisaquestionthatcannotbeavoided.Inshort,Cosmosassignsdifferenttasksfordifferentchains.Thechains,whereapplicationsarerunarecalledZone.Andthechains,wheredataiscommunicatedarecalledHub.

ZonesrelyonIBCtocommunicatewithHubfordatatransportation.ComparedtootherpublicchainswhereDAppsaredeployedonthesameblockchain,Zonecanofferalltheresourcesonthechaintoasingleapplication,avoidingthenetworkblockageproblemwhenmultipleapplicationsareactiveandneedtocommunicatewiththemainchain.Thecomputingpoweronasinglechainislimited,andgoodapplicationswillbecompetingforcomputingpowerovertime.Thiswillbeahugelimitationforthesingle-chainecosystem.Blockchaintrilemmawouldalsocomeintoplaywhereblockchainscalabilityisahugeliabilityifdecentralizationorsecurityarenotsacrificed,allofwhichwillcompoundthecomputingpowerissue.ZonesintheCosmosecosystemdonotcompetewitheachotherforcomputingpowerwhichgivestheecosystemahigherceiling.ZonesareoperatedunderthesupportoftheTendermintBFTsecurityconsensusengine,whichallowstheZonestofunctionevenwithintentionaltampering.Tendermintallowsdifferentprogramminglanguagesandconsensusmechanismstooperatewithinthesystem.ThisallowstheCosmosecosystemtoincludeZoneswithdifferentconsensusmechanisms,whichgivesdevelopersgreatflexibility.HubisverysimilartoZoneindesignbutitwouldtakemoreresponsibilityfordatatransportationandconnectZones,actingasthecenterformultipleZones.ThefirstHubintheCosmosnetworkwasreleasedbyCosmosofficialsandithasbeenagreatmediumfordata.InthelatestCosmoswhitepaperHubsaregivenmorerolesininterchainsecurityandliquidstaking.

Gate.io“天天理財” 第171期 BTC鎖倉理財明日開啟:據官方公告，Gate.io 將于3月31日（明日）中午12:00上線《Gate.io“天天理財” 第171期 BTC鎖倉理財》，總額度 200 BTC，鎖倉期限7天。[2021/3/30 19:29:49]

2.2.Tendermint

TendermintisaconsensusmechanismdevelopedbyTendermintIncanditisthefirstprotocoltosupportBFT.IntheTendermintconsensus,everynodehasdifferentvotingrights,andnodeswithacertainamountofvotingrightswillbevalidators.Thesystemwillmakedecisionsbasedontheproportionsofvotingcountsnotnodecounts.Andvotingrightsarebasedonthenumberoftokensstaked.ThisdesignwillleadvalidatorstoownmoretokensandkeeptheeconomicinterestofmodenodesinlinewiththeCosmosnetwork.Tenderminthasaspecialdataport–ApplicationBlockChainInterface(ABCI),forconnectingtothedifferentblockchainswithdifferenttechnologicaldesigns.ABCIisresponsibleforconvertingblockchainswithdifferentprogramminglanguagesandconsensusmechanismstotheTendermintstandard,whichwillbetransferredandexecutedintheTendermintBFTprogramwheretheTendermintprotocollies.DuetotheversatilityofABCI,theCosmosecosystemcanbelinkedwithavarietyofblockchains.ABCIdividestransactionsintothreecategories:DeliverTX,CheckTX,andCommitTX.DeliverTXisresponsiblefortransportingtransactioninformationintheblockchain.CheckTXissimilartoDeliverTXbutismoreclosetotransactionvalidation.CommitTXisresponsibleforcalculatingencryptionpermissionforcurrentsoftwareandputtingitintothenextblock.Thegeneralmechanismisasfollows:Source：https://docs.tendermint.com/v0.34/introduction/what-is-tendermint.html#abci-overviewAlthoughTendermintisveryoutstandingincompatibility,thereisasignificantlimitation:validationspeedwillbeslowedwiththeincreaseofvalidators.ThisisthereasonthatCosmosputsalimittothemaxvalidatornumber.Thestartingnumberis100andwillgrowlinearlyto300in10years.Source：https://v1.cosmos.network/resources/whitepaper

2.3.CosmosSDK

SDKreferstoasoftwaredevelopmentkit,acombinationofspecialapplicationsusedindevelopmentforsoftwareengineers,whichusuallycontainsAPIandDLL.TheCosmosSDKisaspeciallydevelopedopen-sourceframeworkforblockchainprojectdevelopmentontheCosmosnetwork.ManyfamousblockchainprojectsarebuiltusingCosmosSDK,thisisthereasonwhyCosmosSDKiscalledthemostwidelyusedblockchaindevelopmentframework.NotableprojectsbuiltusingCosmosSDKareBNBChain,Terra,CosmosHub,Cronons,Osmosis,andEvmos.ThroughCosmosSDK,developerscaneasilycreateacustomizedblockchainanddecideiftheblockchaincanlinktotheCosmosnetwork.Therefore,itisverysimplefordeveloperstocreateaZonefortheirapplicationandoptimizetheapplicationonitsownchainwithouttheworriesofcompetingwithotherapplications,whichisveryimportantforapplicationsecurityandfunction.

Gate.io“天天理財”第157期 ETH鎖倉理財明日開啟:據官方公告，Gate.io 將于3月17日（明日）中午12:00上線《Gate.io“天天理財”第157期 ETH鎖倉理財》，總額度 6,000 ETH，鎖倉期限7天。[2021/3/16 18:49:41]

2.4.IBC

Usually,cross-chaindatatransportationusesBrightprotocols,agroupofprotocolsdedicatedtocross-chaindatatransportation.Butduetothedifferenceintechnicalspecificationsandparametersfordifferentchains,theefficiencyandsecurityforcross-chainprotocolsareverylowandvulnerable,whichisalwaysaheavysecurityconcern.Cosmos,ablockchainwithamulti-chainstructure,usestheIBCprotocoltocombattheproblemsmentionedabove.InterBlockchainCommunicationProtocol(IBC)isareliableandsecureprotocolforinter-modulecommunication.IBCcanbeusedbyanyapplicationbuiltonareliableandsecuremodule.

Source：https://www.panewslab.com/zh/articledetails/6sznqfc7.htmlItisworthnotingthattheIBCprotocolisnotanormalprotocol,theIBCorganizationdefinitionisasfollows:1.IBCisnotanapplication-layerprotocol:ithandlesdatatransport,authentication,andreliabilityonly;2.IBCisnotanatomic-swapprotocol:arbitrarycross-chaindatatransferandcomputationaresupported;3.IBCisnotashardingprotocol:thereisnosinglestatemachinebeingsplitacrosschains,butratheradiversesetofdifferentstatemachinesondifferentchainswhichsharesomecommoninterfaces;4.IBCisnotalayer2protocol:allchainsimplementingIBCexistonthesame"layer",althoughtheymayoccupydifferentpointsinthenetworktopology,andthereisnotnecessarilyasinglerootchainorsinglevalidatorset.Traditionalcross-chainbridgeprotocolswilllockAtokenontheAchainandinformthesmartcontractontheBchainthroughanoracleandawaittheminersontheBchaintomintnewBtokensfortransfer.AndwhentheuserwantstomovebacktotheAchain,theBtokenontheBchainwillbeburntandreleasethelockedAtokenfortheuser.Cosmoscross-chaintransportationandtraditionalbridgeprotocolsasimilarinsomeways,butIBCusesHubastransportationmediaforvalidation.Asthefollowinggraphshows,Zone1willfirstvalidatethetransactioninformationonitschainandthentransporttheinformationtoHub.ThentheHubwillvalidatetheinformationthroughSPVandpasstheinformationontoZone3.Zone3willfirstvalidateifZone1proposedthetransferandaskHubtotransferassetsfromZone1oncetheproposedtransferisvalidated.WhentheHubreceivestheaskfromZone3,theassetwillbesenttoZone3fromtheHub.

Source：https://www.panewslab.com/zh/articledetails/6sznqfc7.htmlTherearetwoimportantpremisestousingIBC:1.TheblockchainisdevelopedusingCosmosSDK2.LinkedtotheIBCprotocolmoduleAllthepremisesmustbemet.Anon-CosmosSDKblockchaincannotbeeasilylinkedtotheecosystem.AblockchaindevelopedwithCosmosSDK,butchoosenottobelinkedtotheCosmosnetwork,cannotbeeasilylinkedtotheecosystemaswell,likeBSC.3.Ecosystem

Gate.io 已完成12月13日FIL代幣轉化分發，總量約1.3萬枚:據官方公告，Gate.io今日（12月13日）已經根據用戶FIL6持倉情況完成FIL分發，總計約1.3萬枚，用戶可在賬戶賬單明細中查看詳情。目前Gate.io已經支持Filecoin（FIL）現貨交易，充值提現，杠桿交易，幣幣理財，永續合約交易，三倍ETF交易等全線系列產品和服務。[2020/12/13 15:03:47]

3.1.Majormodules

Cosmosisthelargestcross-chainecosystemwithamarketcapofaround59.56billionUSD.ThetotalassettransferredonitsIBCprotocolisaround8.79billionUSD.Thereare51ZonesintheIBCnetwork.Althoughthemacroeconomicenvironmentisnotoptimalin2022,theCosmosnetworkisnotquiteaffected.

3.1.1.CosmosHub

CosmosHubisthefirstofficialCosmosecosystemwithATOMasitstoken.ThemainfunctionofCosmosHubistoprovidedatatransportationforZonesconnected.BecauseCosmosHubisofficiallyoperated,thefollowingadjustmentsfortheCosmosnetworkstructurewillsoonbeapplied,andthenewtoken,ATOM2.0,maytransformCosmosHubintoacenterofcross-chainsecurityandliquidity.Weareveryexcitedabouttheupcomingchanges.

3.1.2.Osmosis

OsmosisisatthecenteroftheCosmosecosystembecausethetotalassettransferredismorethanthatoftheCosmosHub.ThemainapplicationthatrunsonOsmosisiscalledOsmosisDEX,whichutilizestheIBCtoachieveinterchaintransactionswithintheCosmosecosystem.TheliquidityonOsmosisreached$1.8billioninMarch2022.Atthetimethisarticleiscomposed,OsmosiscansupportIBCinterchaintransactionsfor45differentnetworks,whilethetotalnumberofnetworkslinkedtoIBCis51.

3.1.3.Evmos

Evmosisascalableandhigh-volumePoSblockchainthatiscompletelycompatiblewiththeEthereumnetwork.EvmosallowscertainapplicationsonCosmostorunontheEthereumnetworkwhichgivesthedevelopersaccesstotheEthereumnetwork.SinceEvmosisbuiltusingtheCosmosSDK,italsoofferstheabilitytotransactwiththeCosmosecosystemthroughIBC.AsthepublicchainthatiscompatiblewithEthereum,EvmosiscompatiblewithprojectsoperatedontheEthereumnetwork,includingfamousprojectslikeCMC,DeBank,andAutofarm,inatotalof25projectsaccordingtotheofficialwebsite.Currently,themonthlytradingvolumeonEvmosisranked6thintheCosmosecosystemanditwillbeagreatstartforCosmosinthefuture.

3.1.4.Terra

Terraisthemostcontroversialchainin2022,whichisthepublicchainknownforstablecoins.Thepopularchainstartedadownwardspiral,beginningwiththeUSTdepeginMay2022,whicheventuallyledtothetotalcollapseoftheprojectwithaTVLof$20.77billion.TerrausedtobeatapivotalpositionintheCosmosecosystem,itisthesinglechainwiththemostvaluestored.

3.2.EcosystemComparison

After6yearsofdevelopment,therearealargenumberofqualityprojectsonCosmos.However,themarketstillpreferssingle-chainecosystems.ThedirectcompetitionofCosmosisnotEthereumorAvalancheatthemoment,butPolkadotwhichsharesasimilarstructure.WewillcloselyexamineCosmosandPolkadotfirstandthenbrieflydiscussEthereuminthecontext.

3.2.1Polkadot

OftencalledLayer0,CosmosandPolkadotarethemostcomparedprojectsduetotheirsimilaritiesinconcept.ButCosmosandPolkadotarebuiltwithdifferentphilosophies.Wewillmainlydiscusstheframeworkandgovernancebetweenthetwo.FRAMEWORK

UnliketheHub-ZoneframeworkofCosmos,PolkadotisaRelaychain-Parachainsmode.1.TheRelayChainisthecoreofPolkadot.Itsroleistotransferdatabetweendifferentparachains,recordandvalidatetheresultofthetransaction,andthusensurethesafetransportationoftheentirePolkadot.2.TheparachainissimilartothezoneinCosmosandfocusesonapplicationscenarios.3.ThebridgechainisaspecialdesigntoconnectotherblockchainsthatdonotcomplywithPolkadot'sgovernanceprotocols.Forexample,whenPolkadotconnectstoEthereum,thedatafromEthereumisfirstprocessedthroughthebridgechaintostandardizethem.ThentheyaretransmittedtootherPolkadotparticipants.ComparedtoPolkadot,thehubintheCosmosnetworkisusedasthemainchaintoconnectdifferentzones,butitisnottheonlyhubintheCosmosnetwork.OtherchainssuchasOsmosisandEvmoscanalsoserveashubstoconnectzones,butinPolkadotthereisonlyoneofficialtransmissionmethod,therelaychain,andotherchainsthatwanttoaccesstherelaychainhavetoparticipateintheauctionslotsbasedontheirnativetokensDOTandcanonlyaccessafterwinningtheslot,whichisalsoabiggaptoCosmos'almostfreeflexibleaccessway.GOVERNANCEInthePolkadotecosystem,governancemustbediscussedbymultipledepartmentsbeforeanideabecomesarule,andvotingrightsaredeterminedbythenumberoftokensDOT.Soifparticipationinthepollislow,thefinalexecutionoftokenallocationandprizesmaybeskewed.Cosmosismoreflexibleatthispoint,primarilythroughtokenvoting,butsincenotallhubsareofficiallyrun,otherhubscanusetheirnativetokensasthebasisforvoteallocationwithouteveryonehavingtogothroughATOMtoexercisegovernance.

3.2.2.Ethereum

Ethereum,asthedominatoroftheBlockchain,hasalreadyperfecteditsownecologyandiscurrentlythemostsuccessfulecosystem.BycomparingCosmostoit,wecanassesshowfarthemulti-chainecologyisfromthecurrentmainstreammarketmodel.Technically,EthereumhasbeenexploringnewwaystoexpandEthereumitselfinrecentyears,suchasconvertingETH2.0toPoSandslicing,whichisessentiallyexploringabreakthroughintheimpossibletriangleofblockchaintechnology.ComparedtoDAppsonEthereum,Cosmoshasmoreaccesstoapplication-specificchains:suchasthecross-chainDeFiprotocolUmeeandthecross-chainliquidityOsmosis.Theapplication-specificchainapproachprovidesmoreflexibilityforDAppsandavoidsthesituationwheredifferentDAppscompeteforresourcesononechainIfwetakethecomparisonbacktothesinglechainlevelandcompareCosmosHubwithEthereum,thefollowingpictureemerges.

Accordingtothedata,itisobviousthatCosmosHubisasinglechain,itscurrentvaluationandvaluestoragearedifficulttocomparewithEthereum.ThisisalsorelatedtothecharacteristicsofCosmosHubitself:1.CosmosHubmainlyperformsthefunctionofdatatransferbetweenthezonesandisnotthemainchainoffirstchosenbyecologicallyrelevantapplications;2.ATOMtokenhasalowabilitytocapturevalueintheprotocolinthefirstversion.AlthoughtheCosmosnetworkitselfhasgreaterpotential,themarketdoesnottrustthetoken,whichindirectlyleadstothesubsequentadjustmentofthehubfunctioninthenetworkandthemodificationoftheATOMtokenbyCosmosofficials.

3.3.CurrentEcosystemSituation

Accordingtoofficialdata,thevalueoftheentireCosmosnetworkisaround$63.07billion,withmostofitfromBNB(~75.11%);thetopfiveprojectsaccountfor94.72%ofthetotalvalue.However,thetwochainswiththehighestvalue,BNB,andOKB,arenotlinkedtothenetworkthroughtheIBCprotocol.WewilluseMapofZone'sdataasareferencetomeasurethetotalvaluationoftheentireCosmosnetwork,$10,047,000,000,andthelargestcontributortothisfigureisCosmosHub'snativetoken:ATOM($2,820,592,754),suchamarketcapleveliscurrentlyonlyranked28thintheentiremarket.Asyoucansee,theCosmosNetworkhasanimaginativefuture,butcomparedtoothersingle-chainecosystems,it'snotthereyet.ItisfortunatethatCosmosandotherblockchainscanbealliesratherthancompetitors,butthisneedforCosmosNetworkcanfurtherimprovetheoverallvalue,andprovidemorefunctionalandpowerfulapplicationmodulestocomprehensivelyimprovethefinancialvaluecoveredbyIBC.WehopethatthefutureofCosmosisnotastoryfullofbattlefire,butapatternofuniting.

Disclaimer

*Thisarticlerepresentsonlytheviewsoftheobserversanddoesnotconstituteanyinvestmentsuggestions.*Gate.ioreservesallrightstothisarticle.RepostingofthearticlewillbepermittedprovidedGate.ioisreferenced.Inallothercases,legalactionwillbetakenduetocopyrightinfringement.

Reference

.TheCosmosHub,V1.2.https://www.coindesk.com/business/2022/05/25/jae-kwon-returns-to-newtendermint-to-battle-for-the-soul-of-cosmos/.https://www.coindesk.com/business/2020/02/04/what-is-going-on-with-jae-kwon-and-cosmos/.https://mapofzones.com/.https://v1.cosmos.network/resources/whitepaper.https://ibcprotocol.org/.https://hub.cosmos.network/main/hub-overview.https://docs.cosmos.network/main.https://ibc.cosmos.network/.https://docs.evmos.org/.https://osmosis.zone/ecosystem

GatewaytoCryptoTradeover1,400cryptocurrenciessafely,quicklyandeasilyonGate.ioSignuptoenterthecryptogatewayandget40%commissionfromreferralsDownloadiOS/AndroidApprightnow.Reachouttous!Twitter:https://twitter.com/gate_ioGateVIPTwitter:https://twitter.com/GateioVIPTelegram:https://t.me/gate_ioAPITelegram:https://t.me/gateioapiInstagram:https://www.instagram.com/gateioglobalMedium:https://gateio.medium.com/Podcast:https://gateio.buzzsprout.com/?ch=buzzsGate.ioTeamDecember22th,2022

Tags：THECOSMOSOSMATHENASV2ICOSosmosis幣總量OSMO

LTC