美聯儲四年多來首次加息 點陣圖顯示后面連著還有9次_THE

在結束兩天的會議后，北京時間今天凌晨，美聯儲宣布加息25個基點。

這是2018年以來美國首次加息。

從新聞稿看，聯儲認為價格壓力是普遍的，不只是能源價格，還有勞動力等，目前的失業率已明顯下降（2月份美國CPI通脹率為7.9%，40年來最高；失業率為3.8%，已接近疫前水平）。

聯儲準備從下次會議開始，減少國債和機構債MBS的持有量。

投票委員中，圣路易斯聯儲主席James Bullard投票加息50個基點。

據FT報道，在會后的記者會上，聯儲主席鮑威爾談到加息是為了應對高通脹和緊張的勞動力市場 extremely tight labor market in high inflation.

點陣圖（dot plot，投票委員對利率區間的預測）顯示，聯儲官員比三個月前調高了利率預測，預計2022年剩下的時間還將加息6次，2023年加息至少3次。聯邦基金利率屆時將達到2.8%，高于影響經濟增長的“中性位置”（多數官員預測的中性利率為2.4%）。

美國總統拜登：預計美聯儲加息之際，美國經濟能夠“軟著陸”:9月19日消息，美國總統拜登表示，我比以往更加樂觀；我們將控制通貨膨脹。預計美聯儲加息之際，美國經濟能夠“軟著陸”。[2022/9/19 7:05:01]

美國CPI（1965-2022）

美國勞動參與率（1948-2022）

聯儲新聞稿如下：

March 16, 2022

For release at 2:00 p.m. EDT

美聯儲在固定利率逆回購中接納了10873億美元:8月13日消息，美聯儲在固定利率逆回購中接納了10873億美元，規模刷新歷史新高。 （金十）[2021/8/13 1:52:10]

Indicators of economic activity and employment have continued to strengthen. Job gains have been strong in recent months, and the unemployment rate has declined substantially. Inflation remains elevated, reflecting supply and demand imbalances related to the pandemic, higher energy prices, and broader price pressures.

美聯儲主席：如果美國推出主權數字貨幣，比特幣可能會過時:周三下午在美國金融服務委員會作證時，美聯儲主席杰羅姆鮑威爾明確表示，雖然央行正在繼續研究數字美元的可行性，但不會被迫推出數字美元或屈服于其他國家的外部壓力。此外，他指出，當美國推出主權數字貨幣時，可能會使比特幣等加密貨幣或 Tether 等穩定幣變得不必要。鮑威爾在被代表斯蒂芬林奇（D-MA 8th）詢問時說：“特別是支持數字貨幣的一個論點，你不需要穩定幣，如果你有數字美國貨幣，你就不需要加密貨幣”關于美聯儲迅速行動對數字貨幣的潛在好處。[2021/7/15 0:53:10]

The invasion of Ukraine by Russia is causing tremendous human and economic hardship. The implications for the U.S. economy are highly uncertain, but in the near term the invasion and related events are likely to create additional upward pressure on inflation and weigh on economic activity.

美聯儲副主席夸爾斯：美聯儲在通脹問題上的觀點可能是錯誤的:美聯儲副主席夸爾斯：導致通脹上升的供應鏈失衡問題是暫時的，美聯儲也非常清楚，我們在通脹問題上的觀點可能是錯誤的，如果在一年內我們沒有看到通脹回落到接近2%的目標，美聯儲有工具來解決這個問題。（金十）[2021/6/29 0:12:44]

The Committee seeks to achieve maximum employment and inflation at the rate of 2 percent over the longer run. With appropriate firming in the stance of monetary policy, the Committee expects inflation to return to its 2 percent objective and the labor market to remain strong. In support of these goals, the Committee decided to raise the target range for the federal funds rate to 1/4 to 1/2 percent and anticipates that ongoing increases in the target range will be appropriate. In addition, the Committee expects to begin reducing its holdings of Treasury securities and agency debt and agency mortgage-backed securities at a coming meeting.

美聯儲卡什卡利：可能會在未來一兩年維持接近零利率水平:美聯儲卡什卡利表示，可能會在未來一兩年維持接近零利率水平，甚至更長時間。如果疫苗能被廣泛采用，2021年下半年經濟可能會強勁。從現在到2021年下半年之間的道路將是艱難的。要完全恢復經濟，還有很長的路要走。[2020/12/5 14:03:17]

In assessing the appropriate stance of monetary policy, the Committee will continue to monitor the implications of incoming information for the economic outlook. The Committee would be prepared to adjust the stance of monetary policy as appropriate if risks emerge that could impede the attainment of the Committee's goals. The Committee's assessments will take into account a wide range of information, including readings on public health, labor market conditions, inflation pressures and inflation expectations, and financial and international developments.

Voting for the monetary policy action were Jerome H. Powell, Chair; John C. Williams, Vice Chair; Michelle W. Bowman; Lael Brainard; Esther L. George; Patrick Harker; Loretta J. Mester; and Christopher J. Waller. Voting against this action was James Bullard, who preferred at this meeting to raise the target range for the federal funds rate by 0.5 percentage point to 1/2 to 3/4 percent. Patrick Harker voted as an alternate member at this meeting.

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